B People have always had to find ways to keep food safe to eat. Methods to dry, smoke and salt food were invented thousands of years ago. The process of canning is much more recent. This storage method keeps food safe to eat for long periods of time. Today, canning is one of the most popular methods of storing food. Canning uses heat to kill bacteria and other micro-organisms that cause poisons to form in food. Canning also takes away the air that these organisms need to live. One popular method of canning uses a water bath. Clean fruits or vegetables are placed in glass bottles. The food can be put into the bottles either hot or cold. The cold method is used for soft fruits and vegetables that could lose their shape or taste. Firmer fruits and most vegetables are usually cooked. They take up less space in the bottles. After the food has been placed in glass bottles, boiling water is poured into the bottles to about three centimeters below the top. Then covers are placed on the bottles, but are not turned all the way. The bottles are placed in a large container filled with warm water that is then brought to a boil. The water must completely cover the bottles, from three to five centimeters over the top. When the water boils, any air in the bottles will be expelled. The boiling continues for several minutes. Then the bottles are allowed to cool. Finally, they are placed briefly into cold water. This makes a strong barrier to keep the air out. In other words, a vacuum is created. When the bottles are completely cool, notes can be placed on them to identify what is inside. The bottles can then be stored in a cool, dark place at a temperature of between four and twenty-one degrees Celsius. Canning allows your family to enjoy foods that might not come fresh throughout the year. It is also a good way to store food for six months to a year, or even several years, in case of an emergency. It does not cost much to continue canning every year once the equipment has been purchased. You can get more information about canning food from the group, Volunteers in Technical Assistance. VITA is on the Internet at vita.org. 55. Which of the following is the right order of canning food? a. put bottles in warm water.          b. place notes on the bottles. c. place bottles briefly into cold water  d. pour boiling water into bottles A. d a c b   B. a b c d    C. b d c a   D. a d c b 56. According to the text, which of the following is right? A. The way to can food has been found by ancient Chinese. B. Canning uses water to kill bacteria. C. Hard fruits are suitable for cold method. D. The boiling water will take away the air in the bottle. 57. What does the word “vacuum” mean in the – paragraph? A. a missing situation   B. a gap   C. an enclosed space without air  D. a hole 58. what’s the best title of the text? A. The advantages of canning food. B. Canning food and health. C. Put fruits and vegetables into cans. D. How to make canning food.