Bringing up Children 1 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. 6________ “Upbringing” is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child at home, different from those in school, which is usually termed “education”. In our society, both parents and teachers are concerned( 关心的 ) about and responsible for the development of the child . 2 The ideals and practices of child-rearing( 育儿 ) vary from culture to culture. 7_______ In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunities for education and greater variety in character development. 3 Early upbringing at home is naturally affected both by the cultures of the community and by the parents’ abilities and their aims. 8_______ Wide differences of born intelligence and characteristics exist even in children of the same family. 4 Parents can decide what is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring to some of the many books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, or by comparing notes with friends and relatives who have children. Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique. 9__ __ ____ 5 All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. The energy must be let out, or the child’s continuing development may be bent. An example of this is the young child’s need to play with the mud and sand and water. 10_______ Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory realization of the one before.