The word 'undisputed' in the passage is closest in meaning to THE BASIC CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COLONIZATION OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS INCLUDE THE APPROPRIATE BOAT-BUILDING, SAILING, AND NAVIGATION SKILLS TO GET TO THE ISLANDS IN THE FIRST PLACE; DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND GARDENING SKILLS SUITED TO OFTEN MARGINAL CONDITIONS; AND A VARIED INVENTORY OF FISHING IMPLEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES. IT IS NOW GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT THESE PREREQUISITES ORIGINATED WITH PEOPLES SPEAKING AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES(A GROUP OF SEVERAL HUNDRED RELATED LANGUAGES)AND BEGAN TO EMERGE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BY ABOUT 5000 B. C. E. THE CULTURE OF THAT TIME, BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION, IS ASSUMED TO HAVE HAD A BROAD INVENTORY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS INCLUDING TARO, YAMS, BANANA, SUGARCANE, BREADFRUIT, COCONUT, SAGO, AND RIC E. JUST AS IMPORTANT, THE CULTURE ALSO POSSESSED THE BASIC FOUNDATION FOR AN EFFECTIVE MARITIME ADAPTATION, INCLUDING OUTRIGGER CANOES AND A VARIETY OF FISHING TECHNIQUES THAT COULD BE EFFECTIVE FOR OVERSEAS VOYAGIN G.