Practical Skills of Word Guessing Task1. Guessing the meaning of the underlined words and list the approach of guessing words. 1.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter . 2.Modern medicine began with the stethoscope , a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats. 3. The Wenchuang earthquake left the city flattened. 4.Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby . 5.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious . 6. At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 7. Trees, shrubs , flowers and grass are basic to parks or large gardens. 8.Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic . 9. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 10. He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. 11.Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances , for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 12. Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales , so it is difficult to get firm hold of them. 13. Most of the roses are beginning to winter because of the cold. 14. When a wise person misuses his wisdom, he will do great harm to society. 15. The passengers’ belongings on the train are stored in their holdalls , boxes, baskets and netbags. 16. I was asked to minute the race. Key : 1 木匠 2. 听诊器 3. 夷为平地 4. 和 clean 意思相对的便是 “ 肮脏的 ” 了,因此可猜出句中 grubby 的意思是 “ 肮脏的 ” 5. 健谈的。句意:格林喜欢讲话,与之相似的是他的弟弟们也很健谈。根据副词 similarly 可知短语 love to talk 与生词 loquacious 同义,因此可以推知 loquacious 意为 " 健谈的 " 。 6. 上下文之同等关系,意为 “ 盛年时期 ” 7 上下文之同等关系,意为 “ 灌木 ” 8. 上下文之因果关系,意为 “ 有弹力的 ” 9. 上下文之因果关系,意为 “ 浑浊的 ” 10. 上下文之因果关系,意为 “ 精明的 ” 11. 上下文之举例关系,意为 “ 家用电器 ” 12. 上下文之生活常识,意为 “ 滑溜的 ” 13. 熟词生义, 意为 “ 枯萎 ” 14. 错误地使用 --- 派生 15. 旅行袋 --- 合成 16. 计时 --- 转换词性 Task2 .Practice: Read the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you: Passage1 Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty ( 强大的 ) forces will come to your aid. Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again. Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize. 52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities. C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions. Passage2 “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.” 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A. They were unsure of themselves. B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. Passage3 Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it in the back porch (门廊) . Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I started stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk. 59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box? A. He missed the good old days. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories. C. He needed it for his milk bottles. D. He planted flowers in it. Passage4 Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.” 27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. Passage5 Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. 30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to ? A. The book. B. An adventure. C. A public place. D. The identification number. Passage6 He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s. 63.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the father’s ____. A. weak heart B. taking a shore job C. failure to return to sea D. injury caused by a torpedo Passage7 Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest (投入) in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribution what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline (减弱) until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”. 73. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “ ”. A. appointment B. connection C. interview D. agreement Passage8 There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. 30. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope. ( 白日梦 ) C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire. Passage9 “My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’” The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _______. A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories Passage10 In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy. Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective ( 集体的 ) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts. 70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Accept. B. Employ. C. Play with. D. Fight against. 推理判断分类检测 1. 细节推断 A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley ’ s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck( 海滩 ), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. 13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A. They were made last week B. They showed undersea sceneries C. They were found by a cameraman D. They recorded a disastrous adventure 2. 写作意图推断 Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions---mistaken ideas. One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements( 组成部分 ) of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners. A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. ... Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad. An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. ... Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. ... 64. The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people _________. how to take a right attitude in business B. how to avoid misunderstandings in business C. how to use a local language in business D. how to act politely and properly in business 3. 观点态度推断再提醒: 这类试题的题干中常有 the writer ’ s attitude toward(s), The author thoughts/ think(s), According to the author, What does the author think about ...等。 作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、 反对还是犹豫不定, 对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子,推断出作者的弦外之音。干扰项具有三个特点: (1) 可能是考生自己的某种观点。 ( 易误选 ) (2) 社会普遍的一种倾向, 没有信息支持。 (3) 与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等。 此外,还要注意区分作者态度或观点