Academic Listening: The Greater Mystery of Dreams (5m46s) Background Information PaulBloom Paul Bloom (born in December 1963) is a Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science at Yale University.His research explores how children and adults understand the physical andsocial world, with special focus on language, morality, religion, fiction andart. Word Bank sin v. to do something that is against religiousrules and is considered to be an offence against God 犯罪 submarine n. a type of ship that can travel below the surface of the sea潜水艇 wrestle v. to fight by holding, throwing, etc. 摔跤,斗争 rumination n. the actof thinking about sth very carefully沉思 REM abbr. Rapid Eye Movement 快速眼动 aggressive adj. behaving in an angry, threatening way, as if you want to fight or attack someone侵略的, 进攻性的 disguise v. tochange someone's appearance so that people cannot recognize them假装, 假扮 tribal adj. relating to with a tribe or tribes 部落的 hormone adj. a chemical substance produced by your body that influences its growth, development 荷尔蒙 hormonal 荷尔蒙的 blast n. a sudden strong movement of wind or air一阵(强风) consolidate v. to strengthen the position of power or success巩固 back up to make a copy of (a data file)(资料)备份 Rene Descates 勒内·笛卡尔(法国哲学家、数学家、物理学家) TheMatrix 电影《黑客帝国》 Augustine 奥古斯丁(西方基督教神学家) Freudian Theory 弗洛伊德理论 Background Information FreudianTheory Freud is one of the most influential figures in the history of psychology. He believed much of the psyche — the mind as a whole was unconscious; he compared it to an iceberg, which was nine/tenths under water. In his 1923 theory, Freud distinguished between the id (the primitive, animal-like part of the mind, supposedly the source of energy for the psyche), the ego (the "agent of adaptation" in the psyche, mostly conscious) and the super-ego (the source of self-evaluation, guilt and pride, an internalization of parental values). The id was totally unconscious, Freud believed. The super-ego was partly unconscious, and the ego was mostly accessible to consciousness. Freud described a variety of defense mechanisms, by which the ego defended itself against unpleasant thoughts, memories, or wishes. This is probably the part of Freudian Theory that is most acceptable in today's psychology. However, Freud himself put the most emphasis on his sexual theory, especially the sequence of events in early childhood that he labeled the "family drama". Scientific research fails to support many of Freud's ideas, with the notable exception of the defense mechanisms. WhileListening You will hear part of the lecture on dreams by Professor Paul Bloom. In this talk,he uses several rhetorical questions to introduce important ideas. Listencarefully and check (√) the rhetorical questions introduced in the talk. ,,,