【单选题】Every now and then we buy some faulty goods. Here is a typical example: You buy a pair of shoes. A week later a strap comes right 【26】______ making the shoes unwearable. What should you do? Although t...
【单选题】Section B Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the cor...
Due to defect in insulin production or action, individuals with either type of diabetes are unable to take up glucose efficiently from the blood; recall that insulin triggers the movement of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane in muscle and adipose tissue. Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by high glucose levels in the blood and urine and the production and excretion of ketone bodies.
B.
With glucose unavailable to cells, fatty acids become the principal fuel, which leads to another characteristic metabolic change in diabetes: excessive but incomplete oxidation of fatty acids in the liver.
C.
The acetyl-CoA produced by β oxidation cannot be completely oxidized by the citric acid cycle, because the high [NADH]/[NAD + ] ratio produced by β oxidation inhibits the cycle.
D.
Accumulation of acetyl-CoA leads to overproduction of the ketone bodies, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, which cannot be used by extrahepatic tissues as fast as they are made in the liver. In addition to β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, the blood of individuals with diabetes contains small amounts of acetone, which results from the spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate.