The term crowding-out effect refers to
A.
the reduction in aggregate supply that results when a monetary expansion causes the interest rate to decrease.
B.
the reduction in aggregate demand that results when a monetary expansion causes the interest rate to decrease.
C.
the reduction in aggregate demand that results when a fiscal expansion causes the interest rate to increase.
D.
the reduction in aggregate demand that results when a decrease in government spending or an increase in taxes causes the interest rate to increase.