The big (1) (spenders) in R&D tend to produce certain types of product—things like (2) ______________ scientific instruments, medicines, high-tech weapons systems, navigation and safety devices for aircraft, etc. Whereas, typically, a manufacturing company might make a profit of 40% on its sales, the profits of these (3) __________ companies can range from 60% to as high as 90%. In other words, manufacturing (4) __________ represent only 10% of the price that the (5) _________ pays for the product—the remaining 90% being (6) _________. One might ask how these companies can justify figures like these. The explanation lies in the fact that, for them, R&D carries a high risk of (7) __________. A large part of the time and money that they (8) __________ in R&D does not create any (9) __________ products at all. So the high profits of a handful of successful products serve to offset the cost of numerous (10) ___________ projects.