听力原文： Presenter: Welcome to this introductory lecture on the geography of the United Kingdom. The UK, with a total population of over 60 million, consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain comprises England. Scotland and Wales. England is the largest country of the UK, Q31 with some 52 million people. It is mainly a lowland country, with some upland areas in the north and west. The capital is London with about 7 Q32 million people. There are many manufacturing industries and farming is widespread, but the economy is increasingly service-based, and London is one of the world's leading centres for banking, insurance and other financial services. High-tech industries have replaced many of the more traditional ones. In Scotland, 5 million people live in an area not much smaller than England. The country boasts vast open spaces and is one of the last areas of unspoiled natural beauty in Europe, featuring mountains, lochs—that is 'lakes' —and glens—that is 'valleys'. Modern industries including oil, Q33 electronics and biotechnology, as well as more traditional industries such as fishing and forestry, drive the economy. The largest city is Glasgow, but the capital is Edinburgh. Wales is home to 3 million people, and its geography is characterised by coastline, mountains and lakes. Cardiff is the capital Q34 and largest city. Key industries include electronics, auto components, food Q35 processing, health care, and professional services. More Japanese companies have set up shop in Wales than anywhere else in Europe. About 1.6 million people live in Northern Ireland, the capital of which is Belfast, the largest city. Residents enjoy beautiful countryside. Many new hotels are springing up to cater for increasing numbers of tourists and business travellers. The climate in the UK is moderate: summers are fairly cool and winters are quite mild. And despite what many foreigners believe, British weather Q36 is not rain and fog—it is actually more comfortable, more varied and more interesting than that. What you can look forward to in the way of rain, sun, temperature and even daylight depends on where you will be living. Here are some typical figures for London. January is the coldest month at 3℃ whilst July is the hottest at 17℃. Rainfall varies from 56mm in April to 81mm Q37 in December. Although the UK is quite small geographically, the climate varies from one area to another. In general, the west is wetter and milder Q38 than the east, and northern areas are noticeably cooler than southern ones. For example, compare the following temperatures with the London figures: Edinburgh 14℃ in July and Manchester 15℃ in the same month. Edinburgh: 4℃ in January and Manchester: 5℃ in the same month. Parts of Scotland usually get snow in winter, whereas you might live in London for several Q39 years without seeing a significant snowfall. International students who are used to tropical or equatorial climates are often intrigued by the sheer variety of the weather in the UK. Weather in the early spring tends to be especially changeable. You could be treated to rain, Q40 snow, thunder and lightning, hail, and glorious spring sunshine—all in the course of a single day.