Multiculturalism is a concept with many meanings. But it often refers to ___1___ of immigrant and minority groups as distinct communities, distinguishable from the majority population. Like bilingualism, multiculturalism provokes ___2___. Advocates of multiculturalism believe that members of minority groups should enjoy equal rights in American society without giving up their diverse ___3____ . Multicultural education programs, for instance, strive to teach the content of different cultures, to build ____4__ of these cultures, and to eliminate discrimination ( 歧视 ). The hope is to enable students to understand how other cultures view the world. Multiculturalists reject the idea of a ___5__ and assimilation ( 同化 ); they dismiss the idea that national identity must be based on a common heritage and values. Critics argue that multicultural education ___6__ among groups more than it fosters tolerance of one group for another. Cultural pluralism, critics contend, promotes rivalry ( 敌对 ) and __7__ . Moreover, they assert, European traditions remain central to American culture and institutions ( 风俗 ). Some critics find multiculturalism a token ( 象征性的 ) gesture ___8__ to hide continuing domination of American culture by the majority group. Others argue that ___9__ of cultural differences and group identities does not help __10___ social and economic disadvantages.