Some of the concerns raised about somatic gene transfer are related to the possibility that it could inadvertently lead to germline gene transfer.
B.
Germline gene transfer at the gamete and zygote stages have significant risks.
C.
Beyond the medical risks to the potential child, a number of long-standing ethical concerns exist regarding the possible practice of germline gene transfer in both human and nonhuman cases.
D.
Concerns involve issues ranging from the autonomy of future individuals to distributive justice, fairness, and the application of these technologies to "enhancement".