Historically, the term “fair trade” has meant many things. The Fair Trade League was 1 in Britain in 1881 to restrict 2 from foreign countries. In the United States, businesses and labor unions 3 “fair trade” laws to construct what economist Joseph Stiglitz calls “barriers to imports.” These so called “anti-dumping(反倾销)” laws allow a company that 4 a foreign one of selling a product below cost to request that the government charge special taxes to protect it from “unfair” 5 . Such dark protectionist thoughts are far from the 6 of the organizers of the United Kingdom’s annual “Fairtrade Fortnight”. Their 7 aim is to raise the price paid to developing-country farmers for their 8 by cutting out the inflated profits of the middlemen on whom they 9 for getting their goods to distant markets. Fair-trade products 10 cocoa, coffee, tea, and bananas do not compete with domestic European production, and 11 do not have a protectionist motive(动机). This is how it works: In 12 for being paid a guaranteed price and meeting “agreed labor and environmental standards” (minimum wages, no farm chemicals ), poor-country farming cooperatives(合作社) receive a FAIRTRADE mark for their products, given 13 by the FAIRTRADE Labeling Organization. This mark 14 supermarkets and other businesses to sell the products at a higher than 15 price . Third-world farmers get their income increased , 16 first-world consumers get to feel virtuous: a marriage made in heaven. The fair-trade movement, 17 in the 1980’s, has been growing rapidly. In a significant breakthrough in 1997, the British House of Commons 18 to serve only fair-trade coffee. By the end of 2007, more than 600 producers’ organizations, 19 1.4 million farmers in 58 countries, were selling fair-trade products. Today, a quarter of all bananas in UK supermarkets are sold under a FAIRTRADE mark. But FAIRTRADE-labeled products still represent a very 20 share – typically less than 1% – of global sales of cocoa, tea, coffee, etc. 小题1: A．discovered B．founded C．encouraged D．promoted 小题2: A．imports B．exports C．output D．trade 小题3: A．disobey B．break C．use D．study 小题4: A．suspects B．needs C．wants D．advertises 小题5: A．agreement B．contract C．game D．competition 小题6: A．worries B．minds C．comments D．projects 小题7: A．educational B．political C．worthy D．immediate 小题8: A．favour B．benefit C．interest D．produce 小题9: A．depend B．spend C．look D．apply 小题10: A．as B．like C．with D．for 小题11: A．instead B．otherwise C．therefore D．anyhow 小题12: A．fear B．store C．preparation D．exchange 小题13: A．secretly B．publicly C．officially D．successfully 小题14: A．urges B．enables C．orders D．forces 小题15: A．normal B．potential C．lowest D．best 小题16: A．when B．while C．as D．but 小题17: A．launched B．arranged C．invented D．developed 小题18: A．wanted B．refused C．had D．decided 小题19: A．telling B．representing C．Choosing D．receiving 小题20: A．small B．little C．good D．large