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中国古代神话尽管没有十分完整的情节,神话人物也没有系统的家谱 (genealogy) ,但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色。其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神 (the spirit of esteeming virtue) 。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中,对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则,而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来,这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。 2. 希腊神话包括神的故事和英雄传说两部分。神的故事涉及宇宙和人类的起源、神的产生等内容。相传古希腊有十二大主神,住在奥林匹斯山上,包括众神之主宙斯、天后赫拉、智慧女神雅典娜、太阳神阿波罗、爱与美之神阿芙洛狄忒等。英雄传说起源于对祖先的崇拜,主人公大都是神和人的后代,他们体力过人,英勇非凡,体现了人类征服自然的顽强意志,成为古代人民智慧与力量的化身。
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