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完成以下仔细阅读,选出正确答案 翻译文章后列出的长难句 passage: In the beginning of the movie I, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water—Del Spooner or a child. Even though Spooner screams "Save her! Save her! " the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to Sarah’s 11 percent. The robots decision and its calculated approach raise an important question: would humans make the same choice? And which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make? Isaac Asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. Robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law 1; and 3. Robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws 1 or 2. These laws are programmed into Asimov's robots—they don't have to think, judge, or value. They don't have to like humans or believe that hurting them is wrong or bad. They simply don't do it. The robot who rescues Spooners life in I, Robot follows Asimovs zero law: robots cannot harm humanity (as opposed to individual humans) or allow humanity to come to harm—an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. Under the first law, a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zero law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others. Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as Asimov’s laws is debatable. A word such as "harm "is vague (what about emotional harm? Is replacing a human employee harm?), and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov’s fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situations. Assessing situations can be complicated. A robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possible outcomes for various scenarios. It's doubtful that a computer program can do that—at least, not without some undesirable results. A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies ( 替身 ) called “H-bots” from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked 42 percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both "die." The experiment highlights the importance of morality: without it, how can a robot decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds? 1. What question does the example in the movie raise? A) Whether robots can reach better decisions. B) Whether robots follow Asimov's zero law. C) How robots may make bad judgments. D) How robots should be programmed. 2. What does the author think of Asimov’s three laws of robotics? A) They are apparently divorced from reality. B) They did not follow the coding system of robotics. C) They laid a solid foundation for robotics. D) They did not take moral issues into consideration. 3. What does the author say about Asimov’s robots? A) They know what is good or bad for human beings. B) They are programmed not to hurt human beings. C) They perform duties in their owners' best interest. D) They stop working when a moral issue is involved. 4. What does the author want to say by mentioning the word "harm"in Asimov’s laws? A) Abstract concepts are hard to program. B) It is hard for robots to make decisions. C) Robots may do harm in certain situations. D) Asimov’s laws use too many vague terms. 5. What has the roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found in his experiment? A) Robots can be made as intelligent as human beings some day. B) Robots can have moral issues encoded into their programs. C) Robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios. D) Robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils. 长难句: 1. Isaac Asimov evaded ( 逃避;规避 ) the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. Robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law 1; and 3. Robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws 1 or 2. 2. The robot who rescues Spooners life in I, Robot follows Asimovs zero law: robots cannot harm humanity (as opposed to individual humans) or allow humanity to come to harm—an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. 3. A word such as "harm "is vague (what about emotional harm? Is replacing a human employee harm?), and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov’s fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situations. 4. A robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possible outcomes for various scenarios. It's doubtful that a computer program can do that—at least, not without some undesirable results. 5. A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies ( 替身 ) called “H-bots” from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked 42 percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both "die."
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参考答案:
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【判断题】用中等切削速度切削塑性金属时最容易产生积屑瘤。
A.
正确
B.
错误
【单选题】关于控件的三个类型的说法错误的是( )。
A.
结合型控件主要用于显示、输入、更新数据库中的字段
B.
非结合型控件没有数据来源,可以用来显示信息、线条、矩形或图像
C.
计算型控件用表达式作为数据源
D.
表达式只能利用窗体或报表所引用的表或查询字段中的数据
【判断题】核心价值观在一个社会的思想观念体系中处于主体地位。
A.
正确
B.
错误
【判断题】支架液压系统中使用的控制元件主要有两大类:压力控制阀和方向控制阀。
A.
正确
B.
错误
【单选题】关于细胞膜结构和功能的叙述,哪项是错误的
A.
细胞膜是具有特殊结构和功能的半透膜
B.
水溶性物质一般能自由通过细胞膜
C.
细胞膜是细胞接受其他因素影响的门户
D.
细胞膜的结构是以脂质双分子为基架,镶嵌着具有不同生理功能的蛋白质
【单选题】从大处着眼,从小处着手,是指()和()的组合人格;
A.
活泼型-力量型
B.
完美型-和平型
C.
活泼型-和平型
D.
力量型-完美型
【简答题】辅导员开展公民道德教育的重点是“________”。从大处着眼是指开展理论教育,从小处着手是指开展实践活动教育。
【判断题】辅导员开展公民道德教育的重点是“从大处着眼、从小处着手”。从大处着眼是指开展理论教育,从小处着手是指开展实践活动教育。
A.
正确
B.
错误
【判断题】当标准直齿圆柱齿轮的齿数不变,而模数增大时,不发生变化的是承载能力
A.
正确
B.
错误
【单选题】关于细胞膜结构的叙述,哪项是错误的
A.
细胞膜是指包围在细胞外面的一层薄膜
B.
细胞膜有维持细胞形态和保护细胞的屏障作用
C.
细胞膜又称质膜
D.
细胞膜是由单层脂质分子构成
E.
细胞膜是由双层脂质分子构成
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