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【简答题】
完成以下仔细阅读,选出正确答案 翻译文章后列出的长难句 passage: In the beginning of the movie I, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water—Del Spooner or a child. Even though Spooner screams "Save her! Save her! " the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to Sarah’s 11 percent. The robots decision and its calculated approach raise an important question: would humans make the same choice? And which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make? Isaac Asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. Robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law 1; and 3. Robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws 1 or 2. These laws are programmed into Asimov's robots—they don't have to think, judge, or value. They don't have to like humans or believe that hurting them is wrong or bad. They simply don't do it. The robot who rescues Spooners life in I, Robot follows Asimovs zero law: robots cannot harm humanity (as opposed to individual humans) or allow humanity to come to harm—an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. Under the first law, a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zero law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others. Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as Asimov’s laws is debatable. A word such as "harm "is vague (what about emotional harm? Is replacing a human employee harm?), and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov’s fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situations. Assessing situations can be complicated. A robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possible outcomes for various scenarios. It's doubtful that a computer program can do that—at least, not without some undesirable results. A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies ( 替身 ) called “H-bots” from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked 42 percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both "die." The experiment highlights the importance of morality: without it, how can a robot decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds? 1. What question does the example in the movie raise? A) Whether robots can reach better decisions. B) Whether robots follow Asimov's zero law. C) How robots may make bad judgments. D) How robots should be programmed. 2. What does the author think of Asimov’s three laws of robotics? A) They are apparently divorced from reality. B) They did not follow the coding system of robotics. C) They laid a solid foundation for robotics. D) They did not take moral issues into consideration. 3. What does the author say about Asimov’s robots? A) They know what is good or bad for human beings. B) They are programmed not to hurt human beings. C) They perform duties in their owners' best interest. D) They stop working when a moral issue is involved. 4. What does the author want to say by mentioning the word "harm"in Asimov’s laws? A) Abstract concepts are hard to program. B) It is hard for robots to make decisions. C) Robots may do harm in certain situations. D) Asimov’s laws use too many vague terms. 5. What has the roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found in his experiment? A) Robots can be made as intelligent as human beings some day. B) Robots can have moral issues encoded into their programs. C) Robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios. D) Robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils. 长难句: 1. Isaac Asimov evaded ( 逃避;规避 ) the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. Robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law 1; and 3. Robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws 1 or 2. 2. The robot who rescues Spooners life in I, Robot follows Asimovs zero law: robots cannot harm humanity (as opposed to individual humans) or allow humanity to come to harm—an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. 3. A word such as "harm "is vague (what about emotional harm? Is replacing a human employee harm?), and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov’s fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situations. 4. A robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possible outcomes for various scenarios. It's doubtful that a computer program can do that—at least, not without some undesirable results. 5. A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies ( 替身 ) called “H-bots” from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked 42 percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both "die."
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【判断题】线粒体基质腔内有DNA和核糖体,且核糖体的沉降系数不同于真核细胞细胞质线粒体。
A.
正确
B.
错误
【单选题】William replaced ______, the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings, with ______.
A.
the Witan, the Grand Council
B.
the Grand Council, Parliament
C.
the Witan, Parliament
D.
the Grand Council, the Witan
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商品管理
B.
订单管理
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会员管理
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商品展示
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A.
To raise money for school trips
B.
To help local youth lead productive lives
C.
To renovate the community center
D.
To provide training in accounting practices
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超声波流量计由换能器和转换器两部分组成
B.
封闭管道用超声波流量计按测量原理主要有传播时间法和多普勒效应法
C.
可作非接触测量
D.
超声波流量计可以将其传感器安装在管道外部,不和介质接触,不需要开孔,只要将换能器安装在管道表面即可
【单选题】如图 所示,已知质量为 M 的刚体作平面运动,其角速度为 ω ,质心 C 的速度为 。 A 为刚体上任一点, C 点相对于 A 点的矢径为 , 、 为刚体的转动惯量,其转轴分别过 A 、 C 两点且与图形垂直,则刚体对点 A 的动量矩为( ) 。
A.
B.
C.
+
D.
+
【判断题】线粒体的核糖体沉降系数是70S
A.
正确
B.
错误
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A.
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B.
the Dispute Settlement Body
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th e General Council
D.
the Committee on Martet Access
【单选题】酵母的线粒体的核糖体沉降系数是( )
A.
70S
B.
80S
C.
50S
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30S
E.
60S
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