Watch the video clip and fill in the missing words: The new scramble for Africa - The Economist.mp4 The new scramble for Africa and how Africans can win it The first scramble for Africa was when European 1) ________________ saw a continent that was vast, rich in minerals and land, and very poorly defended, and they rushed in to 2) ________________ , and steal the land. The second was during the Cold War when east and west were locked in a struggle for 3) ________________ . That's when the Soviet Union backed Marxist despots all over Africa, and the Americans backed any leader who said that he was in favor of capitalism. The third way which is happening right now, is much more benign, it's much more about 4) ________________ , about trade, and about the spread of technology. It's a new kind of scramble for Africa, which, if handled well, Africans can win. 1. WHAT DO FOREIGNERS HOPE TO GAIN? The old stereotype of foreigners in Africa is that they're only interested in the minerals, and not Africa's people. That's still sometimes true, and there are still a lot of corrupt mineral deals going on in Africa. But much more important now, is African people. There'll be more Africans in the world than Chinese people by 2025. It's a huge market, and since they're all living in independent countries, they're in a much better position than in the past to negotiate better deals with the outside world. And this had been great for Africans. Greater openness to trade and investment from the outside world is one of the reasons why Africans are two fifths richer than they were in 2000. Of course, the fact that there are fewer wars, and better macroeconomic policies has also helped. 2. IS IT ALL GOOD FOR AFRICA? There's still a big problem with 5) ________________ . 6) ________________ leaders in the less 7) ________________ African countries can often sign deals with outsiders that benefit them personally, but perhaps not their country so much. The things that Russia's doing in the Central African Republic, where you have private firms protecting diamond mines and the president of that war-torn country, are to many people reminiscent of what happened in the 19th century at the height of imperialism. 3. WHICH FOREIGNERS ARE MOVING IN? The scale of foreign interest is 8) ________________ . Between 2010 and 2016, 320 new embassies were opened in Africa, probably the largest embassy building boom anywhere ever. Turkey alone opened 26. Last year India announced it was going to open 18. Military links are spreading too. China alone has ties with 45 African countries. America and France are helping defeat 9) ________________ in the Sahel. Oil-rich Arab nations are setting up military bases in the Gulf, and Russia has military deals with 19 African countries. 4. HOW CAN AFRICA COME OUT ON TOP? African voters and 10) ________________ need to insist on more 11) ________________ in the way that these deals are done. The kind of work that Kenyan journalists have done to 12) ________________ scandals connected to a Chinese railway project, is very encouraging. Second African leaders need to think more 13) ________________ . China is one country, Africa is 54, it's gonna be much harder for them to drive the right kind of 14) ________________ , if they let China negotiate with them individually, behind closed doors. Even if African unity is a bit of a far-off dream at the moment, at least you can see more 15) ________________ , which can be very useful in negotiating 16) ________________ projects. 5. IS THIS A TREAT TO DEMOCRACY? Finally Africans should take what some of their new friends tell them 17) ________________ . The Chinese government is very keen to tell Africans that democracy is a Western idea, and that development needs a 18) ________________ . This may be 19) ________________ of some of the strongmen on the continent, but African voters should not be fooled by it. There's a lot of research out there suggesting, that the African countries that are more democratic, tend to grow faster, and 20) ________________ better. As the population gets more educated, and moves into the cities more, we're seeing that they are more critical of governments, and giving the ruling party a lower share of the vote. As African politics grows more competitive, voters will have more clout, and they will be able to insist on a form of globalization that works for Africans and foreigners alike.