Concerns a few years ago that students would be forced to use stimulants in the fight for class rank and honors thus seem to be exaggerating, but the reality is equally disturbing: a lifestyle【M1】______ running contrary to all the work habits that higher education stands for. There s an intriguing historic precedent at the origins of【M2】______ amphetamines. Introduced in 1938 under the trademark Pervitin as the answer to American Benzedrin, they were less an imposition of Nazi authorities and military commanders but a popular coping【M3】______ mechanism for stressed wartime soldiers and civilians like,【M4】______ according to a study by Dutch historians of medicine. Many students and professionals were described Pervitin for【M5】______ performance, but others took it recreationally. And there was even an early intimation of the 1960s drug culture. The physician-writer Gottfried Benn wanted amphetamines to be used by infantrymen【M6】______ but by students, to develop the human brain to new levels—how lucky he was that he didnt live to see the decline of his ideals among undergraduates. The trouble with considering policy for performance- enhancing use of drugs like Adderall is in what was already【M7】______ apparent in the 1930s: people use them for similar purposes,【M8】______ sometimes productively and sometimes disastrously, something German physicians called 'the toxic equation.' But the contemporary American debate has alarming side not present at【M9】______ the beginning, the idea that performance-enhancement is 'cheating.' Does that mean drinking at Starbucks is doping? Its a counterproductive argument so it assumes that these drugs work【M10】______ consistently and give users an organic advantage, as opposed to the placebo effect. Its much better to address the patterns that lead to abuse. 【M1】