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【单选题】
'Frontier', one of many English words that took on new meanings in North America, has assumed as well a role in explaining the continent's history during the past five hundred years. In time the word has acquired other connotations, both positive and negative. Among historians, the term 'frontier' is most closely associated with Frederick Jackson Turner, whose essay profoundly influenced American historiography for forty years after its publication in 1893. Reacting against historians who considered American history essentially an outgrowth of British and European institutions, Turner argued that Old World customs and attitudes broke down and reformed in America's radically different physical and social environment. The opportunity of 'free land' drew pioneers westward into settings that required them to modify or scrap entirely many of the institutions and values of their previous lives. The result was a 'merged nationality', a distinctive culture and people. Although he emphasized the positive, Turner observed that the same conditions that had helped reshape the society had less desirable effects. For instance, as early governments they had to create political forms almost on the fly, they were less likely to innovate than to copy what they knew from the past. The tension between change and tradition was played out in gender relations. Frontier conditions often required women to take on roles usually reserved for men, but the crushing load of work made women's lives difficult and dangerous and left little room for individual fulfillment outside their labors. By Turner's death in 1932, more fundamental critiques of his ideas were being heard. Some stressed that many other factors—among them patterns of immigration, American society's middleclass nature, etc.—influenced the national character at least as much as the frontier. Others argued that class divisions and social and economic hierarchies have been much more a part of American life than the frontier-inspired equality implied in Turner's work. The effect of these various critiques has been paradoxical. No longer considered the primary formative force on continental history, the frontier has been more broadly defined and its explanatory power has grown. Recent research has explored the interactions among Europeans, Euro-Americans, and Indian peoples. Along the various frontiers there developed what the historian Richard White has called a 'middle ground', cultures of overlapping customs and mutual borrowing in which all sides created new terms of understanding and exchange. Consequently, many tribes merged and consolidated to meet the threats and opportunities posed by the newcomers. A frontier in this sense was certainly not a division between 'civilization and savagery', but rather a place where peoples, ideas, cultures, and institutions came together and interacted on many levels, sometimes mixing and sometimes conflicting but always in mutual influence. Frederick Jackson Turner is mentioned to______.
A.
show his influence in American history studies
B.
indicate the complex nature of the term 'frontier'
C.
reveal the truth about American history
D.
stress the role of 'frontier' in the U.S. history
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【单选题】____________是园林建筑中系指建筑空间各个组成部分与具有一定自然尺度的物体的比较,是设计时不可忽视的一个重要因素。( )
A.
比例
B.
色彩
C.
尺度
D.
质感
【多选题】采用收取手续费的代销方式时,对于受托方收取的代销手续费,委托方不应计入
A.
财务费用
B.
管理费用
C.
 主营业务成本
D.
销售费用
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A.
拟肾上腺素药
B.
难逆性胆碱酯酶抑制药
C.
易逆性胆碱酯酶抑制药
D.
抗胆碱药
E.
抗心律失常药
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A.
主营业务成本
B.
销售费用
C.
财务费用
D.
管理费用
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A.
主营业务成本
B.
销售费用
C.
财务费用
D.
管理费用
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A.
激发需求
B.
让本企业的品牌打动顾客
C.
塑造服务,表现预期
D.
强调基本服务功能和全部顾客经历
【多选题】个体与习得性无助感有关的心理特征有
A.
成就动机
B.
自我意识
C.
思维
D.
情绪
【判断题】信息收集阶段沟通的主要任务是让本企业的品牌打动顾客。
A.
正确
B.
错误
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A.
财务费用
B.
其他业务成本
C.
主营业务成本
D.
销售费用
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A.
子代雌雄之比为 1 : 1
B.
子代雌雄之比为 1 : 2
C.
子代雌雄之比为 2 : 1
D.
以上都不对
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