When some 19th New Yorkers said 'Harlem', they meant almost all of Manhattan above 86th Street. Toward the end of the century, however, a group of citizens in upper Manhattan want, perhaps, to 【S1】______ shape a closer and more precise sense of community designated a section that they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was the Harlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 【S2】______ new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and lower blocks of the West Side. As the community became predominantly Black, the very word 'Harlem' seemed to lose its old mean. At times it was easy to forget 【S3】______ that 'Harlem' was originally the Dutch name 'Harlem', the 【S4】______ community it described had been founded by people from Holland, and that for most of its three centuries-it was first settled in the sixteen hundreds-it had been preoccupied by White New Yorkers. 【S5】______ 'Harlem' became synonymous to Black life and Black style. in 【S6】______ Manhattan. Blacks living there used the word as though they had coined it on themselves-not only to designate their area of residence 【S7】______ but to express their sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the years passed, 'Harlem' asserted an even larger 【S8】______ meaning. In the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem 'became the symbol of liberty and the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere'. By 1919, Harlem's population had grown by several thousand. It had received its share of wartime migration from the South, the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the new arrivals merely lived in Harlem; it was New York they had come to, looking 【S9】______ for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New York was merely the city in which they found themselves: Harlem was exactly what they 【S10】______ wished to be. 【S1】