材料： By inserting in bills of lading such clauses as to state that the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage and is thus not a“carrier” within the meaning of the relevant national legislation or international conventions，time and voyage charterers purport to deny any liability under the contract of carriage，despite the reality of their involvement in the loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo，in choosing the ship&39;s route，in hiring the stevedores，and in many other facets of the ship&39;s operation． Such clauses are effectively non-responsibility clauses which contravene the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules，the Hamburg Rules，which state that any clauses relieving or excluding the carrier from liability under a contract of carriage shall be null and void and of no effect．This position has been generally accepted by the courts of continental and civilian European countries，which have rightly viewed such clauses with suspicion as illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions． 问题： The inserted clauses that state the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage are ________． A.effective B.within the meaning of Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules C.null and void and of no effect D.compulsory According to the passage，the clauses mentioned above are ________．A.against the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules B.ineffectively non-responsibility clauses C.prepared by the courts of continental and civilian European countries D.guidance for the operations of loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo “This position”refers to ________．A.the tendency of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to deny the attempts by charterers to avoid their liability in the carriage of GOODs by sea B.the consideration of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to accept the charterers' liability C.the consideration of of the charterers to evade the mandatory application of the international conventions D.the illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions The effectively non-responsibility clauses ________．A.are suspected to be illegal B.are mandatory application of the international conventions C.have many facets of the ship's operation D.have been excluded in continental and civilian European countries