语法专练:主谓一致 【考点透视】 有关主谓一致的考点主要分布在:语法结构对主谓一致的影响;充当主语的词汇意义对主谓一致的影响;复合句中的主谓一致等。 主谓一致指的是谓语动词与主语在人称和数方面的一致。 主谓一致有三项原则,即:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则是在特殊情况下对语法一致的补充。这里就一些情况作如下说明: (一) 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,谓语常用单数。 如: Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. (二) 不定代词 each , every , no 所修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接主语时,谓语动词仍用单数。 如: Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future. (三) 不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 如: To learn English well is very important today. Teaching geography is his job. (四)从句作主语时谓语动词一般用单数。但要注意以下几种情况: 1 . what 引导的主语从句,谓语动词视情况而定。 What we need is more time. What we need are more teachers. 2. 在“ one of + 复数名词 + who / that ”引导的从句中的动词用复数,但当 one 之前有 the only 等修饰语时,从句中的动词则用单数。 如: This is one of the girls who were late for the meeting. This is the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting. (五) 以 and 连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词通常用复数。 如: Walking and riding are good exercises. 但在以下几种情况中用单数: 1. 当被修饰的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一个人、物或概念时。 如: The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor. 2. 当被连接的两个单数名词表示的是一副用具时。 如: A knife and fork is on the table. (六)有些以 -s 结尾的名词作主语时,根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数: 1 .表示学科名称的名词 (politics maths physics) →单数; 如: Politics is important. 2 .国家或团体名称 (the United States) →单数; 3 . the Olympic Games →复数; 如: The Olympic Games are held every four years. 4 .单复数同形的名词,如: means , works 等。 如: Every means has been tried. / All means have been tried. (七)集体名词作主语时,视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数: 1 . police , people 等名词→复数; 如: The police are searching for the lost boy. 2. clothing , equipment , furniture 等名词→单数; 如: The furniture in the house is new. 3 . family , class , public , population 等名词表示整体时→单数;表示单位成员时→复数; 如: His family has moved to Suzhou. My family were watching TV at 7 yesterday evening. (八) all , most , half , the rest 等不定代词作主语时,视其所代的名词或意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。 如: All are here and let us begin. All that can be done has been done. (九) a lot of/ lots of , a large quantity of 等量词 + 名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。 如: A large quantity of people are needed here. 但 large quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 如: Large quantities of food / books are on the table. (十) a kind of / kinds of 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由 kind 决定, type 也是这样。 如: This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this are dangerous. (十一) 分数或百分数 + 名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由分数或百分数后的名词决定。 如: 30% of the students in our class are boys. Two-thirds of his time is spent watching TV. (十二) more than one ... , many a ... 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 如: Many a student has read the book. (十三) or , either ... or ... , neither ... nor ... , not only ... but (also) ... 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与就近的主语一致。 如: Either you or Tom has been there. (十四)主语后面跟有 like , as well as / with/ along with/ together with , except/ but / rather than , including/ besides/ in addition to 等词组时,谓语根据主语而定。 如: The teacher together with his students was excited.