Office (1) is the application of computer and communications technology to i mprove the productivity of clerical and managerial (2) workers. The major functional c omponents of an office automation (3) include text processing, electronic mail, (4) storage and retrieval, personal assistance features, and (5) management. These may be i mplemented on various types of (6) and usually include a video display (7), input devices, and a hard-copy output device for “ letter-quality ” printing, etc . Initially, systems sold by (8) manufacturers were aimed at clerical and secretarial per sonnel. These were mainly develo pe d to do (9) processing and record processing (maintenance of small sequential files, such as names and addresses, which are ultimately sorted and m erged into (10) ).