Grammar in Context (P30-32 U1B2) 1. The –ing form and the infinitive form of the verb Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the –ing form and the infinitive form of the verb. Reflect on its grammatical function in each sentence. 1) Leaving him stranded in the desert didn’t bother me as much. (Para. 2, Text A) 2) But who’d be crazy enough to try such a trip? (Para. 6, Text A) 3) Indeed, for six weeks I tried to find out . (Para. 10, Text A) 4) “But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain,” he added. (Para. 14, Text A) 5) I told them how proud I was to live in a country where people were still willing to help out a stranger. (Para. 31, Text A) 6) There is definitely no smoking on this bus, no littering , no rudeness, and few strident bells to signal stops. (Para. 4, Text B) 7) Talking was hard for her. (Para. 11, Text B) -ing 形式与动词不定式的用法区别 1. -ing 形式与动词不定式都可在句中作主语、表语、宾语。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用 -ing 形式;表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如: She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today. 2. -ing 形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如: The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well. I have three letters to write. 3 .1 不定式作宾语补足语时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如: I have told them to come again tomorrow. 2 在 see, watch, hear, feel 等之后,如果用 -ing 形式作,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带 to 的不定式作时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如: I hear her singing in the room. I hear her sing in the room. 4. -ing 形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如: Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again. I looked into the window to see what was going on inside. Task: Choose either the infinitive form or the –ing form of the verb in the bracket to complete each of the following sentences. 1) When I saw John in his room, he was busy _________ (prepare) his lessons. 2) I’d like to take this opportunity _________ (thank) all of you for coming to join us tonight. 3) My transistor radio isn’t working. It needs __________ (repair). 4) They found it impossible ________ (get) everything ready in time. 5) I am used to _________ (study) with Mr. Jones and therefore prefer not to change to another teacher. 6) All the women in the office objected to ________ (treat) like this. 7) I must go now. I can’t risk __________ (miss) the last train. 8) The President’s attempts __________ (reduce) inflation were quite successful. 9) He is always the last one __________ (leave) the office. 10) It’s no use __________ (worry) about your child. He’s grown up. 2. The –ed form and the –ing form of the verb Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the –ed form and –ing form of the verb. Reflect on its grammatical function in each sentence. 1) In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. (Para. 1, Text A) 2) Leaving him stranded in the desert didn’t bother me as much. (Para. 2, Text A) 3) I was amazed by the stubborn capacity of Americans to help a stranger, ...... (Para. 11, Text A) 4) He smiles benignly at each passenger, expecting him or her to put the correct change in the box, to obey the written and unwritten rules that govern each trip. (Para. 3, Text B) 5) Then, one evening, we went to a fish restaurant located on our bus route. (Para. 10, Text B) 过去分词与 -ing 形式的区别: 1. 语态不同: -ing 形式表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念,如: an inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的演说; the inspired audience 受鼓舞的听众。 2. 时间关系不同:现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往是已经完成的动作,如: developing countries 发展中国家; developed countries 发达国家 Task : Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, paying attention to the use of the -ing form and the -ed form of verbs. 1) When the old man was telling the story, some children _______ ( 不住地点头 ) while some others looked _______ ( 很迷惑 ). 2) _______ ( 落叶 ) will eventually turn into fertilizer serving other plants. 3) The three boys were so _______ ( 吃惊 ) to find the escaped prisoner _______ ( 正躲在 ) behind the door. 4) _________ ( 被深深地感动了 ) by the poor but hard-working boy, the couple decided to pay for his secondary education. 5) Anyone _________ ( 听从 ) this advice would find himself in trouble. 6) ________ ( 作为 ) university students, we should be _________ ( 对......感兴趣 ) in what is going on in the world. 7) The bulk of the world’s rainforests, 97 percent, are ________ ( 位于 ) in 27 developing countries. 8) If she catches you ________ ( 在读 ) her diary, she’ll be angry.