Which of the following steps are involved in the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from pyruvate?
A.
In mitochondria, pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate in a biotin-requiring reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase.
B.
In the cytosol, oxaloacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by PEP carboxykinase.
C.
The CO 2 incorporated in the pyruvate carboxylase reaction is lost here as CO 2 .
D.
The decarboxylation leads to a rearrangement of electrons that facilitates attack of the carbonyl oxygen of the pyruvate moiety on the γ phosphate of GTP.