The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going1_ since at least the firstcentury B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favored 2_certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the sense not the word; the message3_ rather the form; the matter notthe manner. This4_ is the often revolutionary slogan of writers whowanted the truth to be read and understood. Then 5_in the turn of 19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable