What is the attitude of western countries towards the integration of robots in classroom? PASSAGE PASSAGE PASSAGE Numerous types of robots are being incorporated(合并) in education. They range from simple "microprocessor(微处理器) on wheels" robots, to advanced toolkits, to humanoids. The choice of the robot is usually dictated by the area of study and the age group of the student. Smaller robots or toolkits are particularly used to teach robotics or computer science. These toolkits can be physically manipulated allowing students to learn a variety of disciplines across engineering. However, the human-like shape of humanoids makes them easier to interact with, and for this reason are often used for language lessons. Humanoids have the ability to provide real-time feedback, and their physical shape increases engagement. This often leads to a personal connection with the student, which can help resolve issues related to shyness, reluctance, confidence and frustration that may arise in dealing with a human teacher. For example, a robot will not get tired no matter how many mistakes a child makes. Humanoid robots are being widely utilized in classrooms in many countries including, Japan and South Korea. Telepresence(远程呈现) -- where a teacher can remotely connect to the classroom through the robot -- is being used as a way to teach students English. The teacher can participate in the classroom by being virtually present through a display mechanism. In some instances, the display is embedded(嵌入) in the robot's torso(躯干). Western countries have been much more hesitant in acknowledging the integration of robots in classrooms, with privacy, developmental hindrances, the rise in unemployment and technical deficiencies stated as the major drawbacks. Humanoid robots are still a fair way away from being autonomously situated in schools due mainly to technological limitations such as inaccurate speech or emotion recognition. However, the intention of most researchers in robotics is not for robots to replace teachers. Rather, the design goals of most robots are to function as an aid in the classroom and to enhance the added value they can bring as a stimulating and engaging educational tool. In order to facilitate the integration of robots in the classroom, we need to be able to provide appropriate interfacing(界面) mechanisms (software, hardware or even mobile apps), allowing the human teacher to control the robot with minimal training.