Direction: listen to the following recording twice , and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. American schoolchildren often wear uniforms if they attend religious or other private schools. Most public schools do not ( 1 ) uniforms. But over the last ten years or so, more of them have moved in that direction, including high schools. Students may have to wear a ( 2 ) purchased uniform. Or they may just have to dress alike — for example, white shirts and dark-colored pants or skirts. Even schools that do not require uniforms ( 3 ) have a dress code or other rules about what they consider acceptable. Policies commonly ban clothing that shows ( 4 ) images or words, or simply too much skin. Items like hats may be restricted because, for example, different colors may be connected with ( 5 ) gangs. Some parents like the idea of uniforms. Some say it means they do not have to spend as much on clothing for their kids. Others, though, ( 6 ) that uniforms represent an unnecessary cost. There are also debates about whether uniforms or other dress policies ( 7 ) civil rights. In 1999, twelve percent of public elementary schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms. Just three years later, ( 8 ) were almost double that. Some middle and high schools have also joined the movement. Yet studies find ( 9 ) results from requiring uniforms. And some schools have turned away from such policies. Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning ( 10 ) and safer schools. The school district in Long Beach, California, was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools.