二、动名词的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的健康有害。 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 我们应该改进教学方法。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 注意 :英语中有一些词后面动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有: finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem ( in ) , spend... ( in ) , feel like, be used to (习惯于) , give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help 。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙( finish, practice, be worth, be busy ) 继续习惯别放弃( keep on, be used to, give up ) 考虑建议不禁想( consider, suggest, can't help, feel like ) 喜欢思念要介意( enjoy, miss, mind ) (二)动词不定式 一、 动词不定时的构成 不定时的基本形式为: to+ 动词原形 ,有时可以不用 to ,这里的 to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是 not+ ( to+ )动词原形 。 二、 动词不定式的句法功能 功能 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式,常常用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。 宾语 — What sports does he like to play? 他喜欢做什么运动? — He likes to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在 make , let , see , hear , watch 等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略 to 。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗? 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you. (表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English. (表目的) 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1. 不定式 作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为: It+be+adj. ( + for/ of sb. ) + 动词不定式 如: To learn English well is useful. → It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意:在 kind , good , nice , clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用 for 而用 of 。如: It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2. 不定式 作宾语 1 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是 表示命令、打算或希望 的,如: would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如: Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? 2在 find, think 后跟不定式 作宾语时,常用 it 代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如: I find it easy to read English every day. 3常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式 Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better ( not ) do..., would rather do, could/would/will you please ( not ) do... I would rather stay in the room. 我宁愿待在房间里。 3. 不定式作 宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他收音机。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使一、动名词的构成:动名词一般由“ 动词原形 +ing ”构成 二、动名词的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的健康有害。 谓语动词用单数形式。 宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 我们应该改进教学方法。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 注意 :英语中有一些词后面动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有: finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem ( in ) , spend... ( in ) , feel like, be used to (习惯于) , give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help 。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙( finish, practice, be worth, be busy ) 继续习惯别放弃( keep on, be used to, give up ) 考虑建议不禁想( consider, suggest, can't help, feel like ) 喜欢思念要介意( enjoy, miss, mind ) (二)动词不定式 三、 动词不定时的构成 不定时的基本形式为: to+ 动词原形 ,有时可以不用 to ,这里的 to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是 not+ ( to+ )动词原形 。 四、 动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式,常常用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。 宾语 — What sports does he like to play? 他喜欢做什么运动? — He likes to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在 make , let , see , hear , watch 等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略 to 。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗? 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you. (表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English. (表目的) 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 4. 不定式 作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为: It+be+adj. ( + for/ of sb. ) + 动词不定式 如: To learn English well is useful. → It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意:在 kind , good , nice , clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用 for 而用 of 。如: It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 5. 不定式 作宾语 2 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是 表示命令、打算或希望 的,如: would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如: Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? 2在 find, think 后跟不定式 作宾语时,常用 it 代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如: I find it easy to read English every day. 3常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式 Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better ( not ) do..., would rather do, could/would/will you please ( not ) do... I would rather stay in the room. 我宁愿待在房间里。 6. 不定式作 宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他收音机。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作,这时不定式要省略 to 。这些动词有: 一感( feel )、二听( hear, listen to )、三让( let, make, have )、四看( look at, see, watch, notice ) 。但 变被动语态时,必须加上 to 。如: My friends were made to work t he whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 7. 不定式 作定语 1不定式作定语时,应 放在名词之后 。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 2如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 8. 不定式 常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how 连用 ,相当于一个宾语从句。如: The teacher is telling the students what to do . 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go . 他不知道去哪里。 请完成下列练习: Tom's mother told him _______ eating too much meat.