Listen to a short passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. When the passage is read for the third time, check what you have written. B1-U4_3_3_2.mp3: Humans’ first means of transportation were walking and swimming. 1)___ humans learned to use animals for transportation. The use of animals not only allowed heavier loads to be hauled by them, but also 2)_____humans to ride the animals so they could travel longer distances in a shorter amount of time. The invention of the wheel helped make animal transportation more efficient through the introduction of 3)_____. Also, water transportation 4)_____very early times and it was the best way to move large quantities of materials over long distances before the Industrial Revolution. 5)_____ , most cities that grew up as sites for trading have been established along rivers or the coast. Until the Industrial Revolution, transportation was very slow and expensive. After the Revolution, transportation changed 6____ . In the 19th century, the invention of the steam engine made land transportation independent of human or animal power. Both speed and 7)____increased rapidly. With the development of cars at the 8)____of the 20th century, land transportation became more common. In 1903, the first controllable airplane was invented, and after World War I, it became a fast way to transport people and goods. After World War II, 9)_____and airplanes became more popular as methods of transportation. Then, after high-speed rail was first introduced in Japan in 1964, passengers started using it in Asia and Europe instead of using airplanes to travel long distances. Now, 10)____ the development of technology, human beings are able to enjoy various methods of transportation for their speed and comfort.